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An obvious way of creating rational approximations for irrational numbers is by truncating its decimal expansion. For example, 3, 3.1 and 3.14 are all rational approximations of π; as fractions, those approximations would be written 3, 3110 and 314100.
Notice how 314100 has 100 as the denominator and yet only produces an approximation correct up to two decimal places.
Claim: by using continued fractions one can obtain better rational approximations for irrational numbers.
Method: if x is an irrational number, instead of truncating its decimal expansion, we can truncate its continued fraction.
Taking π as an example, we have π=3+17+115+⋯
This can be done for any irrational number and it can be shown that this method produces the best rational approximations for irrational numbers... maybe a post for another time!
What is your favourite continued fraction?
Notice how 314100 has 100 as the denominator and yet only produces an approximation correct up to two decimal places.
Claim: by using continued fractions one can obtain better rational approximations for irrational numbers.
Method: if x is an irrational number, instead of truncating its decimal expansion, we can truncate its continued fraction.
Taking π as an example, we have π=3+17+115+⋯
and by taking π≈3+17=227
we get the approximation π≈3.14285⋯: it is correct up to two decimal places just as 314100, but 7 is a much smaller denominator than 100. (And all in all, 227 is a much more elegant fraction that 314100)
This can be done for any irrational number and it can be shown that this method produces the best rational approximations for irrational numbers... maybe a post for another time!
What is your favourite continued fraction?
- RGS
Pocket maths: good rational approximations
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December 03, 2018
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